HW for March 4

Responda a pelo menos duas das seguintes questões, com exemplos textuais da leitura de The Maltese Falcon, até, no mínimo, ao capítulo 6.

1. Localize e analise excertos (indicando os números de página) que considere ilustrativos do estilo que Raymond Chandler, no ensaio,  "The Simple Art of Murder" (antologia, pp. 98-102) designa por "realista".

2. Comente, com exemplos (com números de página) o uso de estereótipos, tendo em conta as categorias críticas de análise cultural (classe, género, idade, raça, corporeidade, orientações políticas, religiosas, de sexualidade, etc.).

3.  Destaque e comente campos semânticos semelhantes ou antitéticos.

4. Para quem leu o livro anteriormente em português, releve e exemplifique diferenças de tom ou detalhe significativas.

Buffalo Bill

William Frederick Cody (1846-1907)

b. in Iowa Territory

started working after father died, at 11 (father Isaac Cody's death can be related to his anti-slavery activities; killed his first Indian in the Utah war; was struck by gold fever, but became rider of the Pony Express at 14

Served in the Civil War from 1863 to 1865.

In 1866 married Louisa Frederici and they had 4 children (2 died young).

got his nickname after the American Civil War when was both employed as a Scout of the United States Army (Frontier Scout; guide for the army in the West during the Indian Wars) and as a supplier of buffalo meat to the Kansas Pacific Railroad.

1872 - won a Medal of Honor and debuted in the Wild West Shows produced by Ned Buntline (American mythologies - history becomes instantaneous performance, spectacle)

The performance went through three European tours and changed its name in 1893 to "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World". The show began with a parade on horseback, with participants from horse-culture groups that included US and other military, cowboys, American Indians, and performers from all over the world in their best attire.^[6] Turks, Gauchos, Arabs, Mongols and Georgians, displayed their distinctive horses and colorful costumes. Visitors would see main events, feats of skill, staged races, and sideshows. Many historical western figures participated in the show. For example, Sitting Bull, the inspirer of the battle of Little Bighorn in 1876 appeared with a band of 20 of his braves. He employed many Native Americans, as he thought his show offered them good pay with a chance to improve their lives. He described them as "the former foe, present friend, the American", and once said, "Every Indian outbreak that I have ever known has resulted from broken promises and broken treaties by the government.

In his shows, the Indians were usually depicted attacking stagecoaches and wagon trains, from which they were driven off by cowboys and soldiers.

Other Pulp and more good stuff: Dashiel Hammett, Raymond Chandler, the Black Mask Magazine

The Thrilling Detective Website gives this good sum-up of Dashiel Hammett's importance.

Raymond Chandler (1888-1959), perhaps the detective fiction writer who earned more respect in mainstream literature, also published his first stories in The Black Mask (then in The Dime Detective and in Detective Story Magazine). He acknowledged Dashiel Hammett's foresight of the crime genre (and hard-boiled fiction, potentially influencing Hemingway's "plain style") in his essay "The Simple Art of Murder" (1950), with advice on creative writing in the genre: http://ae-lib.org.ua/texts-c/chandler__the_simple_art_of_murder__en.htm

Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), a later cult author of the genre, also gave his rules for writing, digested here.

Another so-called "paraliterary genre" emerged not long after the Crime Novel, "science fiction", with its first pulp being Astounding Science Fiction (1930).

One of its early collaborators was the young Ray Bradbury (1920-2012), who would excel both in science and detective fiction. He wrote the classic Fahrenheit 451 where he would nonetheless satirize the tendency for minimal speech disseminated by mass market magazines and the media:

"Physiologies" - 19th century French popular culture

Fig. 1, Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (Paris: L. Curmer, 1840–42), 1:title page. 2nd photo: "L'Épicier."

TPC 12 Fev: Análise de Imagem

Tendo em conta todos os elementos de análise de imagem e possíveis relações textuais, escolha uma das seguintes imagens para analisar:

1. Harry Clarke, ilustração de 1923 para "The Man of the Crowd"

2. Buffalo Bill e Sitting Bull - imagem promocional para Wild West Show, 1885

Image Analysis: Not to be Reproduced (René Magritte, 1937)

1.     Tipo de imagem: figurativa, representando algo inesperado, com que não nos relacionamos facilmente
  .   Elementos sensoriais: cor e textura - tons de cinzento e castanho, invocando um ambiente pardo; há alguma aspereza, possivelmente associado à fazenda do fato

2.     Elementos estruturais (eixo e perspetiva): o que está à direita é igual ao que está à esquerda; o que está ligeiramente acima parece reproduzir o que está abaixo; novo repete o velho? 
Uma moldura intersecta o quadro (pode ser de espelho ou de um quadro dentro do quadro, ou uma janela); essa moldura coloca o problema da representação como reprodução

3.     Elementos dinâmicos (orientação da figura, olhar e ponto de tensão)  - figura de costas, possivelmente orientada para si (mas aquilo que está a ver parece ser as suas próprias costas); ilegibilidade da expressão

4.     Elementos emergentes – direcionalidade e ponto focal  - o olhar vai para a cabeça e remete para a intelectualidade que nos leva a querer decifrar o enigma)

HW for Feb. 10: Edgar Allan Poe and the production-of-culture perspective

"The production-of-culture perspective" is an analytical model introduced by Richard A. Paterson to focus on "on how the symbolic elements of culture are shaped by the systems within which they are created, distributed, evaluated, taught, and preserved." (2004: 311)  Paterson  propsosed six facets of production that were worthwile to consider to "theorize within the production perspective a wide range of research." These will be enumerated below. Try to provide examples from Edgar Allan Poe's "How to Write a Blackwood Article" (anthology, pp. 38-47) for at least three of these:


laws  - regulation of activities and behaviors involving sanctioning

norms  [in this case, of the literary system] - unofficial guidelines or trends

organization and industry: who/what determines the structure of labour? on what is it predicated on?

technology: how does it govern production and reproduction? How is it depicted

market: how to cater for its needs

occupational careers on cultural productions: what changes are noticeable in the profession of "writer"?

Bibliography:
Peterson, Richard A., and Anand, N. "The Production of Culture Perspective." Annual Review of Sociology. 2004. 30:311–34